Hash Rate: The total computational power dedicated to mining

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Clustering: Grouping addresses likely controlled by the same entity (e.g., an exchange, a wallet, or an individual) based on transaction patterns (e.g., common-spend analysis).
Network Data:

Number of Nodes: The number of active participants running full Bitcoin nodes.
Difficulty Adjustments: How the mining engineering email list difficulty changes over time.
Techniques and Methodologies:
Bitcoin data analysis often employs techniques from data science, graph theory, and financial forensics:

On-Chain Metrics Calculation: Deriving key indicators directly from blockchain data, such as:
Active Addresses: Number of unique addresses involved in transactions.
Transaction Volume: Total Bitcoin moved over a period.
Average Transaction Value/Fee.
Realized Price/Cap: Economic metrics that consider the price at which coins last moved.
HODL Waves: Visualizing how long different cohorts of Bitcoin have been held.